参考文献

1.Jones PW，Adamek L，Nadeau G，et al.Comparisons of health status scoreswith MRC grades in COPD：implications for the GOLD 2011 classification.Eur Respir J，2013，42(3)：647-654.

2.Jones PW，Tabberer M，Chen WH.Creating scenarios of the impact of COPD and their relationship to COPD Assessment Test(CAT)scores.BMC Pulm Med，2011，11：42.

3.The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel.A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence：A USPublic Health Service report.JAMA，2000，283(24)：3244-3254.

4.Romieu I，Riojas-Rodriguez H，Marron-Mares AT，et al.Improved biomass stove intervention in rural Mexico：impact on the respiratory health ofwomen.Am JRespir Crit Care Med，2009，180(7)：649-656.

5.Liu S，Zhou Y，Wang X，et al.Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China.Thorax，2007，62(10)：889-897.

6.Effing TW，Vercoulen JH，Bourbeau J，et al.Definition of a COPD selfmanagement intervention：International Expert Group consensus.Eur Respir J，2016，48(1)：46-54.

7.Mantoani LC，Rubio N，McKinstry B，et al.Interventions to modify physical activity in patients with COPD：a systematic review.Eur Respir J，2016，48(1)：69-81.

8.Ortega F，Toral J，Cejudo P，et al.Comparison of effects of strength and endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am JRespir Crit Care Med，2002，166(5)：669-674.

9.Garber CE，Blissmer B，Deschenes MR，et al.American College of Sports Medicine position stand.Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory，musculoskeletal，and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults：guidance for prescribing exercise.Med Sci Sports Exerc，2011，43(7)：1334-1359.

10.Horowitz MB，Littenberg B，Mahler DA.Dyspnea ratings for prescribing exercise intensity in patients with COPD.Chest，1996，109(5)：1169-1175.

11.Ram FS，Jones PW，Castro AA，et al.Oral theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2002，4：CD003902.

12.ZuWallack RL，Mahler DA，Reilly D，etal.Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD.Chest，2001，119(6)：1661-1670.

13.Zacarias EC，Castro AA，Cendon S.Effect of theophylline associated with short-acting or long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists in patientswith stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：a systematic review.J Bras Pneumol，2007，33(2)：152-160.

14.Cosio BG，Shafiek H，Iglesias A，et al.Oral Low-dose Theophylline on Top of Inhaled Fluticasone-Salmeterol DoesNot Reduce Exacerbations in PatientsWith Severe COPD：A Pilot Clinical Trial.Chest，2016，150(1)：123-130.

15.Zhou Y，Wang X，Zeng X，et al.Positive benefits of theophylline in a randomized，double-blind，parallel-group，placebo-controlled study of low-dose，slow-release theophylline in the treatment of COPD for 1 year.Respirology，2006，11(5)：603-610.

16.Martinez FJ，Calverley PM，Goehring UM，et al.Effect of roflumilast on exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncontrolled by combination therapy(REACT)：a multicentre randomised controlled trial.Lancet，2015，385(9971)：857-866.

17.Martinez FJ，Rabe KF，Sethi S，et al.Effectof Roflumilastand Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-Acting Beta-2-Agonist on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations(RE2SPOND)A Randomized Clinical Trial.Am JRespir Crit Care Med，2016，194(5)：559-567.

18.Albert RK，Connett J，BaileyWC，etal.Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD.N Engl JMed，2011，365(8)：689-698.

19.Han MK，Tayob N，Murray S，et al.Predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation reduction in response to daily azithromycin therapy.Am JRespir Crit Care Med，2014，189(12)：1503-1508.

20.Mazzone PJ.Preoperative evaluation of the lung cancer resection candidate.Expert Rev Respir Med，2010，4(1)：97-113.