![救护师资教程(二):心肺复苏与创伤救护](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/989/33144989/b_33144989.jpg)
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三、 心肺复苏体位
如果急救人员判断患者无反应、无呼吸或是呼吸异常,将患者置于心肺复苏体位,注意对怀疑有颈椎受伤的患者,翻转身体时要使其头颈背部呈轴向转动,以免导致脊髓损伤。
(一) 救护员位置
现场急救人员位于被复苏者的一侧,宜于右侧,近胸部部位(图5)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P5_4311.jpg?sign=1739367402-DmXlf1cYxL6cOQ1TfIFQGNkz4slpVFnw-0-064e58fb047b6aab0a872e829627c55f)
图5 救护员体位
(二) 复苏体位
如果被救者处于俯卧位或其他不宜复苏体位,急救人员应在被救者的一侧,将其双上肢向头部方向伸直,将对侧小腿放于同侧的小腿上,呈交叉状。急救员再用单手托住被救者的后头枕部,另一只手放置其对侧腋下,使被救者整个身体转向急救员一侧,并置于仰卧位后,放置双上肢于身体两侧(图6a、b、c、d、e)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6a_12543.jpg?sign=1739367402-0yi5YCvSc4BldVHOeAcP8RETnV8OB4Vb-0-523738df24d8052c1e4781583f4465b4)
图6a 双上肢向上伸直
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6b_4347.jpg?sign=1739367402-qcLhrH2sa3QPyV2e7SUZhfabqATYbREz-0-06e9f1f59f98cc687ffcabc52f9c386e)
图6b 对侧腿放于同侧腿上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6c_4348.jpg?sign=1739367402-cP5nLauSt52g5Xk8ILrSNTUNzChjPxiV-0-456ce9fc9b104cbc0e19ad47e1e8856d)
图6c 一手保护头颈部,一手插入腋下
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6d_4349.jpg?sign=1739367402-Cv5RAxB4elfPFW0fXVm5Rm51vrZz3JUk-0-2d739bb4c8ec852c6988c189ff906d4f)
图6d 翻身
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6e_4350.jpg?sign=1739367402-8lWpclnyHzNIjOeHu41xdutEP8FVM22i-0-c74c552d9afaf5aca194d7f08cf15125)
图6e 上肢放于身体两侧
(三) 复原体位
1. 常规复原体位
如果在心肺复苏中或心肺复苏之后患者恢复呼吸和循环体征(有脉搏、正常呼吸、咳嗽或活动),应继续维持呼吸道通畅,此时,患者应放置于复原体位(图7a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h、i)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7a_4380.jpg?sign=1739367402-GE1DQ5l3n3Zo17nnekpB4DfpBRlB2E2z-0-be8909c650707b62eadc06e9e50d9c7b)
图7a 救护员体位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7b_4381.jpg?sign=1739367402-fhSG55Sa4VKP7xBW8IKlRIt3jRQsE3nO-0-796cf4929e4a25eb40bdbedf308da298)
图7b 上肢屈肘外展
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7c_4409.jpg?sign=1739367402-5rMPzTSwS9MlVxfQx1Odwu1vQo7kBdLZ-0-50b3d0e3d9dca6626d48b9ff8bfba7c6)
图7c 上臂屈曲置于肩部
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7d_4410.jpg?sign=1739367402-LJhCwOuiLTC7ktK0WJ6ZMtNljEW6YK9k-0-47a3e55eea0691826a0c2d1cfc7f7abd)
图7d 对侧膝部屈曲
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7e_12554.jpg?sign=1739367402-WIai2tlyukMAsnScv84DLCxklG1ZMJ5R-0-d68538cc2e88724dc67ac06f8a7c2cbc)
图7e 翻转成侧卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7f_12555.jpg?sign=1739367402-9dKooZ3fpPgVQoM2SFSTZIfxIvu8HAvx-0-72b2dc4026dd1623571b8503fdedfba9)
图7f 面部枕于手背
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7g_4428.jpg?sign=1739367402-GLEZpNa8VjYnkphEgZZ23PbyuqYin4Sj-0-b746d4404ef9d957abe7ae535698ba20)
图7g 打开气道
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7h_4429.jpg?sign=1739367402-a2frVCHk1XGDfC5Vud1D2boHtUVwIYWJ-0-62839cc3043cf14615b52407ccf1c697)
图7h 调整下肢位置
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7i_4467.jpg?sign=1739367402-7Bfdei8Ru03vdcsJLx41I0ubS220XwmV-0-f2da84ca7b3b7e977d4642397d22d586)
图7i 复原体位
2. 其他复原体位(图8a、b、c)
(1)头低脚高位 适用于失血性休克患者。患者仰卧,救护员将其头部放低并偏向一侧,下肢抬高(图8a)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8a_4474.jpg?sign=1739367402-ooDGsGeoqyv8Im7ERhuyzxg0bzSZLEEo-0-f2fd1da89ff5ed8fb7c615df2fbb0163)
图8a 头低脚高位
(2)半卧位 适用于呼吸困难的患者(图8b)。
(3)中凹卧位 适用于休克患者。将其头及下肢抬高,有利于气道畅通和下肢静脉回流,增加回心血量(图8c)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8b_4481.jpg?sign=1739367402-LWQNyFFFskhEJBRGMPc51Pm967K3TIj6-0-fbeb2730f1ca40a7aec81d5514e07796)
图8b 半卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8c_4482.jpg?sign=1739367402-DX3aQoKNaueEAST104783Eaebj9Fe0yt-0-145bc405bfe0c9d784decc83edcae10a)
图8c 中凹卧位